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Impact of HBV replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cell on HBV intrauterine transmission
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《医学前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第4期 页码 548-553 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0597-5
This study determined the effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from HBsAg-positive mothers on HBV intrauterine transmission. A total of 150 HBsAg-positive mothers and their neonates were recruited in this study. Within 24 h after birth, HBV serological markers, serum HBV DNA, PBMC HBV relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA), and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) were measured in the HBsAg-positive mothers and their neonates before passive-active immune prophylaxis. The relationship between HBV replication in PBMC and HBV intrauterine transmission was examined through Chi-square test and logistic regression. The rate of HBV intrauterine transmission was 8.00% (12/150) in the 150 neonates born to HBsAg-positive mothers. The positivities of PBMC HBV rcDNA and cccDNA in the HBsAg-positive mothers were 36.67% (55/150) and 10% (15/150), respectively. Maternal PBMC HBV cccDNA was a risk factor of HBV intrauterine transmission (OR= 6.003, 95% CI: 1.249–28.855). Maternal serum HBeAg was a risk factor of PBMC HBV rcDNA (OR= 3.896, 95% CI: 1.929–7.876) and PBMC HBV cccDNA (OR= 3.74, 95% CI: 1.186–11.793) in the HBsAg-positive mothers. Administration of hepatitis B immune globulin was a protective factor of PBMC HBV cccDNA (OR= 0.312, 95% CI: 0.102–0.954) during pregnancy. The positivity of PBMC HBV rcDNA was related to that of cccDNA in the HBsAg-positive mothers (c2=5.087, P= 0.024). This study suggests that PBMC is a reservoir of HBV and an extrahepatic site for virus replication and plays a critical role in HBV intrauterine transmission.
关键词: PBMC HBV cccDNA HBV rcDNA HBV intrauterine transmission
Eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HBV: progress and challenges in China
Wenzhan Jing, Jue Liu, Min Liu
《医学前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第1期 页码 21-29 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0744-2
关键词: hepatitis B virus mother-to-child transmission progress challenge
Current recommendations of managing HBV infection in preconception or pregnancy
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《医学前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第2期 页码 158-165 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0340-4
Hepatitis B remains a leading cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation worldwide. Management of chronic hepatitis B during pregnancy is challenging. Transmission of hepatitis B to infants still occurs perinatally although immunoprophylaxis is widely available for infants born to mothers with chronic hepatitis B infection. The emerging data suggest that initiation of antiviral therapy in the beginning of the third trimester in highly viremic mothers can prevent immunoprophylaxis failure in their infants. The available drug safety data show that lamivudine, telbivudine and tenofovir are generally safe to be used during the pregnancy. In order to minimize the fetal exposure to the antiviral medication, antiviral therapy during the pregnancy should be limited to a selected group of patients with cirrhosis, high hepatitis B viral load, or prior history immunoprophylaxis failure. An elective Caesarean section may reduce the risk of perinatal transmission. For those females planning for pregnancy or in early stage of pregnancy, communication and follow-up among obstetrician, gastroenterologist, and primary care physician are important. In this article, we will review the features of hepatitis B infection before, during and after the pregnancy; the risk factors that increase mother-to-child transmission; safety data on antiviral drug use during pregnancy; and the potential role of Caesarean section in selected cases.
关键词: antiviral therapy Caesarean section cirrhosis hepatitis B immunoprophylaxis mother-to-child transmission pregnancy prevention
New perspective on the natural course of chronic HBV infection
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《医学前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第2期 页码 129-134 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0339-x
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant threat to public health and an enormous burden on society. Mechanisms responsible for chronic HBV infection remain poorly understood. A better understanding of the natural course of chronic HBV infection may shed new light on the mechanisms underlying this disease and help in designing new antiviral strategies. Natural course of chronic HBV infection is conventionally viewed as an uninterrupted process that is usually marked by HBV e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion or characterized by different phases associated with assumed host responses to HBV infection. However, none of these descriptions captures or highlights the core events that determine the natural course of chronic HBV infection. In this review, we briefly present the current knowledge on this subject and explain the significance and implication of events that occur during infection. A pre-core mutant becomes predominant in the viral population following elimination of the wild-type virus in duck hepatitis B virus-chronically infected animals. The coupled events in which first there is viral clearance that clears wild-type virus and then there is the reinfection of wild-type virus cleared livers with mutant virus are highly relevant to understanding of the natural course of chronic HBV infection under both treated and untreated conditions. In our new perspective, a general natural course of chronic HBV infection comprises cycles of viral clearance and reinfection, and such cycles prolong the chronic HBV infection course. Reviewing published data on the natural course of chronic HBV infection can reduce the possibility of missing important points in the initial data interpretation.
关键词: hepatitis B virus chronic HBV infection natural course hepatitis B seroconversion
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《医学前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第4期 页码 502-508 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0590-z
Although the efficacy of nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) has been confirmed for treatment of chronic hepatitis B, long-term therapy has been recommended due to the high frequency of off-therapy viral DNA rebound and disease relapse. In this review, the RNA virion-like particles of hepatitis B virus (HBV) are integrated into the life cycle of HBV replication, and the potential significance of serum HBV RNA is systematically described. The production of HBV RNA virion-like particles should not be blocked by NA; in this regard, serum HBV RNA is found to be a suitable surrogate marker for the activity of intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), particularly among patients receiving NA therapy. Therefore, the concept of virological response is redefined as persistent loss of serum HBV DNA and HBV RNA. In contrast to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) that can originate from either the cccDNA or the integrated HBV DNA fragment, serum HBV RNA, with pregenomic RNA origination, can only be transcribed from cccDNA. Therefore, the loss of serum HBV RNA would likely be a promising predicator for safe drug discontinuation. The clinical status of consistent loss of serum HBV RNA accompanied with low serum HBsAg levels might be implicated as a “para-functional cure,” a status nearly close to the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B, to distinguish the “functional cure” characterized as serum HBsAg loss with or without anti-HBs seroconversion.
关键词: chronic hepatitis B serum HBV RNA nucleos(t)ide analogs virological response para-functional cure
Choosing configurations of transmission line tower grounding by back flashover probability value
Dmitry KUKLIN
《能源前沿(英文)》 2016年 第10卷 第2期 页码 213-226 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0398-6
关键词: grounding transmission line tower back flashover probability FDTD method
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《医学前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第1期 页码 76-83 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0609-5
Tuberculosis (TB) has remained an ongoing concern in China. The national scale-up of the Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course (DOTS) program has accelerated the fight against TB in China. Nevertheless, many challenges still remain, including the spread of drug-resistant strains, high disease burden in rural areas, and enormous rural-to-urban migrations. Whether incident active TB represents recent transmission or endogenous reactivation has helped to prioritize the strategies for TB control. Evidence from molecular epidemiology studies has delineated the recent transmission of ( ) strains in many settings. However, the transmission patterns of TB in most areas of China are still not clear. Studies carried out to date could not capture the real burden of recent transmission of the disease in China because of the retrospective study design, incomplete sampling, and use of low-resolution genotyping methods. We reviewed the implementations of molecular epidemiology of TB in China, the estimated disease burden due to recent transmission of strains, the primary transmission of drug-resistant TB, and the evaluation of a feasible genotyping method of strains in circulation.
关键词: tuberculosis recent transmission molecular epidemiology China
李华洁
《中国工程科学》 2015年 第17卷 第6期 页码 28-30
通过观察放置宫内节育器(IUD),爱母环(MCU)、母体乐(MCU375)、宫形环(GCU300)、TCU220C和吉妮环术后不良反应情况,为育龄妇女知情选择IUD提供参考依据。将671例自愿采取放置宫内节育器避孕而无禁忌症的妇女随机分成五组,分别放置A组MCU,B组MCU375,C组GCU300,D组TCU220C,E组吉妮环五种IDU,随访两年,对其术后月经量增多,经期延长,阴道不规则流血,疼痛,脱环,带器妊娠,白带增多情况进行比较。MCU的不良反应较为严重,MCU375和GCU300的不良反应次之,TCU220C和吉妮环不良反应最轻。GCU300的脱环率最高,TCU220C、MCU和MCU375、吉妮环的脱环率都比较低;带器妊娠MCU和GCU300最高,MCU375、TCU220C和吉妮环均低。临床应根据受器者的具体情况选择适当的IUD,提高育龄妇女对避孕措施的满意程度。
关键词: 节育环;不良反应;吉妮环
Antibiotic resistome mostly relates to bacterial taxonomy along a suburban transmission chain
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1466-7
• The α-diversities of resistome were lower in manure and compost than in soils.
关键词: Antibiotic resistance genes Resistome Bacterial taxonomy Transmission chain
Planet position errors in planetary transmission: Effect on load sharing and transmission error
Miguel IGLESIAS, Alfonso FERNáNDEZ, Ana DE-JUAN, Ramón SANCIBRIáN, Pablo GARCíA
《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2013年 第8卷 第1期 页码 80-87 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0362-7
In this paper an advanced model of spur gear transmissions developed by the authors is used to study the influence of carrier planet pin hole position errors on the behaviour of the transmission. The model, initially conceived for external gear modeling, has been extended with internal meshing features, and thus increasing its capabilities to include planetary transmission modeling. The new features are presented, along with the summary of the model general approach. The parameters and characteristics of the planetary transmission used in the paper are introduced. The influence of carrier planet pin hole position errors on the planet load sharing is studied, and several static cases are given as examples in order to show the ability of the model. Tangential and radial planet pin hole position errors are considered independently, and the effect of the load level is also taken into account. It is also given attention to the effect on the transmission error of the transmission. Two different configurations for the planetary transmission are used, attending to the fixed or floating condition of the sun, and the differences in terms of load sharing ratio are shown.
关键词: gear planetary epicyclic transmission load sharing transmission error
赵现立,刘朝阳,谭宏伟,张恩娣
《中国工程科学》 2015年 第17卷 第6期 页码 13-15
目的:观察稽留流产清宫术后服用屈螺酮炔雌醇片对减轻宫腔粘连发生的效果。方法:选择2013年6月至2014年6月在西北妇女儿童医院(陕西省妇幼保健院)诊断为稽留流产并实施清宫术的患者220例,随机分成观察组和对照组,每组110例。两组患者均在清宫术前服用米非司酮片150 mg和米索前列醇片600 μg治疗,术后常规应用抗生素3天。观察组:清宫术后给予屈螺酮炔雌醇片,每天服用一片,连续3个周期,对照组:患者实施清宫术后不给予屈螺酮炔雌醇片治疗。观察手术时间、胚胎绒毛大小、患者阴道流血持续时间、月经复潮时间、术后2周超声检查子宫内膜以及宫腔镜检查宫腔粘连情况。结果:观察组术后阴道流血天数((4.98±0.80)天)及月经复潮时间((28.41±1.61)天)显著少于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者术后子宫内膜厚度((9.12±1.12) mm)明显高于对照组子宫内膜厚度((6.23±1.16)mm),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的宫腔粘连率显著低于对照组(x2=4.67,P=0.031)。结论:清宫术后口服屈螺酮炔雌醇片是减少稽留流产术后发生宫腔粘连的一种安全有效的方法。
Rongrit CHATTHAWORN,Surachai CHAITUSANEY
《信息与电子工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第16卷 第10期 页码 871-882 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500049
关键词: Adaptive tabu search Renewable energy generation Robust optimization Transmission expansion planning
《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第18卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0735-x
关键词: electromechanical-hydraulic hybrid actuator (EMHA) integration transmission mechanisms power assistance energy efficiency working characteristics
Current hepatitis B treatment guidelines and future research directions
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《医学前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第2期 页码 145-157 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0335-1
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes a tremendous clinical burden across the world with more than half a million people dying annually from HBV related disease. Significant advances have been made in HBV treatment in the past decade and several guidelines have been published by professional societies and expert panels. Although these recommendations have been valuable to help optimize HBV treatment, there is discordance in treatment criteria and many patients infected with HBV may fall outside of these recommendations. This paper systematically reviews the natural history of the disease and compares and contrasts the recommendations for initiation of treatment from the various societies. There is also discussion of special groups that require particular consideration and some of the open research questions and future research directions within the field.
关键词: chronic hepatitis B HBV treatment guidelines APASL guidelines EASL guidelines AASLD guidelines
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
Impact of HBV replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cell on HBV intrauterine transmission
null
期刊论文
Eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HBV: progress and challenges in China
Wenzhan Jing, Jue Liu, Min Liu
期刊论文
Potential use of serum HBV RNA in antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B in the era of nucleos(t)ide
null
期刊论文
Choosing configurations of transmission line tower grounding by back flashover probability value
Dmitry KUKLIN
期刊论文
Recent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in China: the implication of molecular epidemiology
null
期刊论文
Planet position errors in planetary transmission: Effect on load sharing and transmission error
Miguel IGLESIAS, Alfonso FERNáNDEZ, Ana DE-JUAN, Ramón SANCIBRIáN, Pablo GARCíA
期刊论文
An approach for evaluating the impact of an intermittent renewable energy source on transmission expansion
Rongrit CHATTHAWORN,Surachai CHAITUSANEY
期刊论文
Design and characteristic research of a novel electromechanical-hydraulic hybrid actuator with two transmission
期刊论文